American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

What are the potential consequences of chromium deficiency?

1. Hypoglycemia, depression, fatigue

2. Hyperglycemia, encephalopathy, neuropathy

3. Anemia, weakness, dizziness

4. Cardiomyopathy, muscle wasting, dizziness

The correct answer is: Hyperglycemia, encephalopathy, neuropathy

Chromium is an essential trace mineral that plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism by enhancing the action of insulin. A deficiency in chromium can lead to significant disruptions in glucose metabolism and homeostasis, resulting in hyperglycemia. This occurs because the body's ability to utilize insulin effectively is impaired, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. The neurological implications of chromium deficiency can manifest as encephalopathy and neuropathy. Encephalopathy refers to a broad category of brain disorders that affect thinking and memory, which can be exacerbated by poor glucose control. Neuropathy, on the other hand, relates to nerve damage often associated with metabolic imbalances, including those seen in diabetes or related conditions. Understanding these connections highlights why hyperglycemia, encephalopathy, and neuropathy are direct consequences of chromium deficiency, reflecting the mineral's integral role in glucose metabolism and neurological health.