American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

What is the main adverse effect of Carboplatin?

1. Peripheral neuropathy

2. Myelosuppression

3. Pulmonary fibrosis

4. Acute renal failure

The correct answer is: Myelosuppression

Carboplatin is a chemotherapy drug primarily used to treat various types of cancer, including ovarian and lung cancers. One of its most significant adverse effects is myelosuppression, which refers to the suppression of bone marrow activity. This results in decreased production of blood cells, leading to anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and leukopenia (low white blood cell count). Myelosuppression is dose-dependent, meaning that as the dose of Carboplatin increases, the risk and severity of bone marrow suppression also increase. This side effect can manifest as fatigue, increased susceptibility to infections, and easy bruising or bleeding due to low platelet levels. Clinicians often monitor blood counts throughout treatment to manage this risk and adjust dosages as necessary. While other options listed, such as peripheral neuropathy, pulmonary fibrosis, and acute renal failure, can occur with various other chemotherapy agents or conditions, they are not characteristic of Carboplatin. Therefore, understanding the primary clinical considerations associated with Carboplatin highlights myelosuppression as the key adverse effect that healthcare providers must monitor and manage during treatment.