American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

Which of the following studies employs a qualitative approach?

1. Randomized controlled trial

2. Case report study

3. Meta-analytic study

4. Survey study

The correct answer is: Case report study

A case report study is considered to employ a qualitative approach because it focuses on the detailed description and analysis of an individual case or a small number of cases rather than utilizing quantitative methods for statistical analysis. In a case report study, the objective is to provide insights into unusual or novel clinical phenomena, often involving in-depth information about the patient's history, symptoms, treatment, and outcomes. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and nuances involved in a particular situation, which is a hallmark of qualitative research. In contrast, randomized controlled trials and meta-analytic studies emphasize quantifying data and assessing the effectiveness of interventions through statistical means. A survey study can include both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, but it typically leans toward quantitative analysis when assessing hypotheses or gathering data from a larger population. Thus, the focus on narrative and descriptive data in a case report highlights its qualitative nature effectively.