American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

Which statement best describes dementia?

1. Temporary confusion and disorientation

2. Loss of intellectual function and diminished memory

3. An increase in processing speed and cognitive function

4. A sudden change in mental status

The correct answer is: Loss of intellectual function and diminished memory

Dementia is best characterized by the progressive loss of intellectual function and diminished memory, impacting an individual’s ability to carry out daily activities and interact socially. This condition typically involves a decline in cognitive abilities, including memory, reasoning, and the capacity to think clearly or effectively. In contrast, temporary confusion and disorientation may occur in acute situations, such as delirium, but do not meet the criteria for dementia, which is more chronic and progressive in nature. The notion of an increase in processing speed and cognitive function directly contradicts the fundamental characteristics of dementia, as the condition is associated with decline rather than improvement. Similarly, a sudden change in mental status could also indicate an acute condition, such as delirium, rather than the gradual decline seen in dementia. Thus, the statement that accurately reflects the nature of dementia is the one asserting the loss of intellectual function and diminished memory.